concrete works

Abbreviation: cc

concrete work

concrete works

concrete work

concrete works

1 concrete, definite, particular, specific.

2 concrete, physical, non-abstract.

1 concrete.

2 concrete noun.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: concretar.

* * *

► adjetivo

1 (real) concrete, real

2 (particular) particular, specific

■ quiero ese libro concreto I want that particular book

\

en concreto (en particular) in particular, specifically 2 (exactamente) exactly

en el caso concreto de... in the particular case of...

* * *

1) concrete

2) specific

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=específico) [medida, propuesta] specific, concrete; [hecho, resultado] specific; [fecha, hora] definite, particular

2) (=no abstracto) concrete

3)

a) [con verbos]

b) [con sustantivos]

SM LAm (=hormigón) concrete

* * *

- ta adjetivo

a) ( específico) <política/acusación> concrete, specific; <motivo/ejemplo/pregunta> specific; <fecha/hora> definite; < lugar> specific, particular

b) ( no abstracto) concrete

masculino (AmL) concrete

- concreto armado

* * *

= definite, fine [finer -comp., finest -sup.], given, individual, one, specific, specified, single, particular, defined, concrete, designated, circumscribed, targeted, coextensive [co-extensive], narrowly focused.

Ex. I don't see that we are going to stand a chance unless there is something very definite coming out of this conference and similar conferences where these ideas are advanced.

Ex. A longer abstract can help in the finer points of selection, but will take longer to write and also longer to scan.

Ex. The notation for any given geographical division varies between classes and between different parts of the same classes.

Ex. The series area includes the series title, an indication of the responsibility for the series (often series editors), and the number of the individual work within the series, if the work is one of a numbered series.

Ex. Note the different definitions, and the different boundaries for this one subject area.

Ex. Various publishers have reputations for specific styles, subject areas or works for specific audiences.

Ex. If access is limited to certain specified times, the term 'off-line' is applied.

Ex. In other words, the elements of any single case may point to several concepts; in this sense, the cases are like icebergs -- more is hidden han appears on the surface.

Ex. It is possible to identify an item uniquely within a particular institution or agency by a running accession number.

Ex. The Pearson correlation coefficient has been calculated to find out the correlation and to test the null hypothesis that there is no correlation among publishing in journals, citing from journals and use of journals by a defined set of researchers.

Ex. The second exercise in this course was to outline priorities in library services which had to be concrete, describable and achievable.

Ex. It is tremendously valuable to library staff (particularly in libraries with a designated departmental structure) to maintain close professional ties with local academic departments.

Ex. Library and Information Plans (LIP) are 5-year management plans for information provision in a circumscribed region.

Ex. Threats to the integrity of science include interest in paranormal phenomena, sensationalism of science and pressure for targeted research.

Ex. Bibliographies in general are also retrieval devices; the difference here is that the bibliography is not coextensive with the stock of the library it may omit items in stock and include others not in stock.

Ex. Some articles cover broad themes while others are more narrowly focused.

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* adaptar a una aplicación concreta = harness.

* búsqueda de documentos concretos = item search.

* confinado a un lugar concreto = site-bound.

* detalles concretos = fine detail(s).

* en concreto = in particular, to be specific.

* enfocado hacia un objetivo concreto = focused [focussed].

* en la situación concreta = on the scene.

* ente concreto = concrete entity.

* en un momento concreto = at a particular point in time.

* especializado en un mercado concreto = niche.

* relacionado a un caso concreto = case-related.

* * *

- ta adjetivo

a) ( específico) <política/acusación> concrete, specific; <motivo/ejemplo/pregunta> specific; <fecha/hora> definite; < lugar> specific, particular

b) ( no abstracto) concrete

masculino (AmL) concrete

- concreto armado

* * *

* * *

1 (específico) ‹política/acusación› concrete, specific

en tu caso concreto in your particular case

por un motivo concreto for a specific reason

fijemos una fecha/hora concreta let's fix a definite date/time

quieren reformas/soluciones concretas they want real o concrete reforms/solutions

un lugar concreto a specific o particular place

una pregunta concreta a specific question

en concreto: quiero saber, en concreto, cuánto me va a costar what I want to know specifically is how much it is going to cost

la conferencia versó sobre pintura española, en concreto, Goya y Velázquez the lecture was on Spanish painting, Goya and Velázquez, to be precise o to be more specific

en una zona en concreto in a particular o specific area

2 (no abstracto) concrete

lo concreto y lo abstracto the concrete and the abstract

( AmL)

concrete

reinforced concrete

* * *

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

a) ( concertar) ‹fecha/precio› to fix, set

b) (precisar, definir) to be specific about;

◊ no concretamos nada we didn't settle on anything definite

◊ a ver si concretas try and be more specific;

a) ( específico) ‹política/solución/acusación› concrete, specific;

◊ en tu caso concreto in your particular case;

b) ( no abstracto) concrete

◊ concreto armado reinforced concrete

* * *

concreto¹, -a adj

1. [no abstracto] concrete;

un concepto concreto a concrete concept

2. [determinado] specific, particular;

aún no tenemos una fecha concreta we don't have a definite date yet;

estoy buscando un disco concreto, no me vale cualquiera I'm looking for a particular o specific record, not just any one;

si no me das los detalles concretos no te podré ayudar if you don't give me the specific o precise details I won't be able to help you;

en el caso concreto de Nicaragua,… in the specific case of Nicaragua,…;

en concreto, todavía no sabemos nada in short, we don't know anything yet;

piensa volver a Europa, en concreto a Francia she's thinking of coming back to Europe, to France to be precise;

es un experto en economía, y más en concreto, en gestión de empresas he's an expert in economics, more specifically in business management;

nada en concreto nothing definite;

la culpa no se le puede atribuir a nadie en concreto there is no one person who is to blame;

en ningún sitio en concreto nowhere in particular, not in any one place

concreto² nm

* * *

I adj

1 specific;

en concreto specifically;

nada en concreto nothing specific

2 (no abstracto) concrete

II m L.Am.

concrete

* * *

concreto, -ta adj

1) : concrete, actual

2) : definite, specific

en concreto: specifically

♦ concretamente adv

concreto nm

hormigón: concrete

* * *

concreto adj

1. (particular) specific

2. (real) actual

1 cement (material).

cemento armado reinforced concrete

2 glue. ( Latin American Spanish)

3 cementum.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: cementar.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 (gen) concrete, cement

2 (de los dientes) cement

\

tener la cara de cemento (armado) familiar to have a lot of cheek

cemento armado reinforced concrete

* * *

* * *

1) [de construcción] cement

2) LAm (=pegamento) glue

3) [de diente] cement

* * *

1) (Const) cement

- cemento armado

2)

a) (AmL) ( pegamento) glue, adhesive

b) (Odont) cement

* * *

= cement.

Ex. A thesaurus might advise the searcher that the following alternative terms might prove fruitful: cement and other more specific terms, e.g. Printing works.

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* fábrica de cemento = cement plant.

* molino de cemento = cement mill.

* planta de cemento = cement plant.

* * *

1) (Const) cement

- cemento armado

2)

a) (AmL) ( pegamento) glue, adhesive

b) (Odont) cement

* * *

* * *

A ( Const) cement

reinforced concrete

Portland cement

1 ( AmL) (pegamento) glue, adhesive

2 ( Odont) cement

* * *

a) (Const, Odont) cement;

◊ cemento armado reinforced concrete

b) (AmL) ( pegamento) glue, adhesive

* * *

cemento nm

1. [material] cement;

cemento Portland Portland cement

2. [de dentista] cement

3. Am [pegamento] glue

* * *

1 cement

2 L.Am. ( pegamento) glue

* * *

cemento nm

: cement

* * *

cemento n cement

* * *

1. ( предприятие) factory, works, plant, mill

2. ( приведение в действие механизма) winding(-up)

заво́д (часо́в) без ключа́ — stem winding

заво́д (часо́в) голо́вкой — pendant winding

3. ( приспособление в механизме) winding mechanism

4. ( срок действия заведённого механизма) wind

5. полигр. duplication of the run

автомоби́льный заво́д — брит. motor-works; амер. automobile plant

аффина́жный заво́д — (gold, silver) refinery

бето́нный заво́д — concrete-mixing plant

бонда́рный заво́д — barrel factory

бума́жно-целлюло́зный заво́д — wood-pulp and paper mill

вагонострои́тельный заво́д — carriage [wagon] works

га́зовый заво́д — gas works

заво́д железобето́нных изде́лий — concrete product plant

зерноспиртово́й заво́д — grain-alcohol distillery

ка́бельный заво́д — cable works

кирпи́чный заво́д — brick works, brick yard

коже́венный заво́д — tannery

ко́ксовый заво́д — coking plant

коксохими́ческий заво́д — by-product coke plant

комбико́рмовый заво́д — (animal) formula-feed plant

ко́нный заво́д — stud farm

консе́рвный заво́д — cannery, canning plant, canning factory

копти́льный заво́д — smoke-house

кузовострои́тельный заво́д — coachbuilding factory

ледоде́лательный заво́д — ice-making plant

лесопи́льный заво́д — saw mill

ликё́ро-во́дочный заво́д — distillery

лите́йный заво́д — foundry

локомотивострои́тельный заво́д — locomotive works

льнообраба́тывающий заво́д — flax-mill

маслобо́йный заво́д — oilery, oil mill

маслоде́льный заво́д — butter factory

маслоэкстракцио́нный заво́д — oil-extraction plant

машинострои́тельный заво́д — engineering works, engineering plant

медеплави́льный заво́д — copper smeltery

меднорафиниро́вочный заво́д — copper refinery

металлообраба́тывающий заво́д — metal-working plant

металлурги́ческий заво́д — metallurgical works

мети́зный заво́д метал. — hardware plant

моло́чный заво́д — dairy factory, dairy plant

моторострои́тельный заво́д — engine works

мылова́ренный заво́д — soap works, soap plant

нефтеперего́нный заво́д — oil refinery

оловоплави́льный заво́д — tin smeltery

о́пытный заво́д — pilot-production plant

заво́д основно́й хи́мии — heavy-chemicals plant

переде́льный заво́д — semi-integrated steelworks

заво́д перви́чной обрабо́тки льна — rettery

пивова́ренный заво́д — brewery

заво́д плодо́вых со́ков — fruit-juice plant

плодоовощеперераба́тывающий заво́д — fruit-and-vegetable processing plant

заво́д по́лного (технологи́ческого) ци́кла — integrated works

заво́д по обрабо́тке ры́бы, берегово́й — shore-based fish factory

посо́льный заво́д — saltery

рафина́дный заво́д — sugar refinery

рафиниро́вочный заво́д метал. — refinery

рыбово́дный заво́д — fish hatchery, fish farm

рыбоконсе́рвный заво́д — fish cannery, fish canning plant

рыбоконсе́рвный, берегово́й заво́д — shore-based fish cannery

рыбоконсе́рвный, плаву́чий заво́д — floating fish cannery

са́харный заво́д ( первичной обработки сырья) — sugar-mill, sugar-house

сахарорафина́дный заво́д — sugar refinery

сбо́рочный заво́д — assembly plant

свинцовоплави́льный заво́д — lead smeltery

заво́д сельскохозя́йственного машинострое́ния — farm implement works, farm equipment factory

семяочисти́тельный заво́д — seed cleaning plant

смолоперего́нный заво́д — coal-tar processing plant

заво́д с непо́лным (технологи́ческим) ци́клом — non-integrated works

солева́ренный заво́д — salt-making plant, saltworks

солеочисти́тельный заво́д — salt refinery

солодо́венный заво́д — malt-house

заво́д с прока́тными цеха́ми ( без доменного и сталеплавильного цехов) — non-integrated steel works

сталеплави́льный заво́д — steel works, steel plant

станкострои́тельный заво́д — machine-tool plant

стеко́льный заво́д — glass works

судострои́тельный заво́д — ship-building yard(s)

суперфосфа́тный заво́д — superphosphate plant

сыромя́тный заво́д — tawery

та́рный заво́д — box factory

тра́кторный заво́д — tractor works, tractor plant

утилизацио́нный заво́д ( по вытопке жиров) — rendering plant

заво́д фая́нсовых изде́лий — earthenware factory

хими́ческий заво́д — chemicals plant

хлопкоочисти́тельный заво́д — gin house, ginnery

хозрасчё́тный заво́д — self-supporting [self-paying] factory

цеме́нтный заво́д — cement plant, cement mill

цинкоплави́льный заво́д — zinc smeltery

чугунолите́йный заво́д — ironworks

чугуноплави́льный заво́д — ironworks

шрифтолите́йный заво́д полигр. — type foundry

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Civil engineering

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Auguste Perret belonged to the family contracting firm of A. \& G.Perret, which early specialized in the use of reinforced concrete. His eight-storey building at 25 bis Rue Franklin in Paris, built in 1902–3, was the first example of frame construction in this material and established its viability for structural design. Both ground plan and façade are uncompromisingly modern, the simplicity of the latter being relieved by unobtrusive faience decoration. The two upper floors, which are set back, and the open terrace roof garden set a pattern for future schemes. All of Perret's buildings had reinforced-concrete structures and this was clearly delineated on the façade designs. The concept was uncommon in Europe at the time, when eclecticism still largely ruled, but was derived from the late nineteenth-century skyscraper façades built by Louis Sullivan in America. In 1905–6 came Perret's Garage Ponthieu in Paris; a striking example of exposed concrete, it had a central façade window glazed in modern design in rich colours. By the 1920s ferroconcrete was in more common use, but Perret still led the field in France with his imaginative, bold use of the material. His most original structure is the Church of Notre Dame at Le Raincy on the outskirts of Paris (1922–3). The imposing exterior with its tall tower in diminishing stages is finely designed, but the interior has magnificence. It is a wide, light church, the segmented vaulted roof supported on slender columns. The whole structure is in concrete apart from the glass window panels, which extend the full height of the walls all around the church. They provide a symphony of colour culminating in deep blue behind the altar. Because of the slenderness of the columns and the richness of the glass, this church possesses a spiritual atmosphere and unimpeded sight and sound of and from the altar for everyone. It became the prototype for churches all over Europe for decades, from Moser in prewar Switzerland to Spence's postwar Coventry Cathedral.

In a long working life Perret designed buildings for a wide range of purposes, adhering to his preference for ferroconcrete and adapting its use according to each building's needs. In the 1940s he was responsible for the railway station at Amiens, the Atomic Centre at Saclay and, one of his last important works, the redevelopment after wartime damage of the town centre of Le Havre. For the latter, he laid out large open squares enclosed by prefabricated units, which display a certain monotony, despite the imposing town hall and Church of St Joseph in the Place de L'Hôtel de Ville.

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SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building

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The name of Le Corbusier is synonymous with the International style of modern architecture and city planning, one utilizing functionalist designs carried out in twentieth-century materials with modern methods of construction. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, born in the watch-making town of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the Jura mountain region, was the son of a watch engraver and dial painter. In the years before 1918 he travelled widely, studying building in many countries. He learned about the use of reinforced concrete in the studio of Auguste Perret and about industrial construction under Peter Behrens. In 1917 he went to live in Paris and spent the rest of his life in France; in 1920 he adopted the name of Le Corbusier, one derived from that of his ancestors (Le Corbesier), and ten years later became a French citizen.

Le Corbusier's long working life spanned a career divided into three distinct parts. Between 1905 and 1916 he designed a number of simple and increasingly modern houses; the years 1921 to 1940 were ones of research and debate; and the twenty years from 1945 saw the blossoming of his genius. After 1917 Le Corbusier gained a reputation in Paris as an architect of advanced originality. He was particularly interested in low-cost housing and in improving accommodation for the poor. In 1923 he published Vers une architecture, in which he planned estates of mass-produced houses where all extraneous and unnecessary features were stripped away and the houses had flat roofs and plain walls: his concept of "a machine for living in". These white boxes were lifted up on stilts, his pilotis, and double-height living space was provided internally, enclosed by large areas of factory glazing. In 1922 Le Corbusier exhibited a city plan, La Ville contemporaine, in which tall blocks made from steel and concrete were set amongst large areas of parkland, replacing the older concept of city slums with the light and air of modern living. In 1925 he published Urbanisme, further developing his socialist ideals. These constituted a major reform of the industrial-city pattern, but the ideas were not taken up at that time. The Depression years of the 1930s severely curtailed architectural activity in France. Le Corbusier designed houses for the wealthy there, but most of his work prior to 1945 was overseas: his Centrosoyus Administration Building in Moscow (1929–36) and the Ministry of Education Building in Rio de Janeiro (1943) are examples. Immediately after the end of the Second World War Le Corbusier won international fame for his Unité d'habitation theme, the first example of which was built in the boulevard Michelet in Marseille in 1947–52. His answer to the problem of accommodating large numbers of people in a small space at low cost was to construct an immense all-purpose block of pre-cast concrete slabs carried on a row of massive central supports. The Marseille Unité contains 350 apartments in eight double storeys, with a storey for shops half-way up and communal facilities on the roof. In 1950 he published Le Modular, which described a system of measurement based upon the human male figure. From this was derived a relationship of human and mathematical proportions; this concept, together with the extensive use of various forms of concrete, was fundamental to Le Corbusier's later work. In the world-famous and highly personal Pilgrimage Church of Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1950–5), Le Corbusier's work was in Expressionist form, a plastic design in massive rough-cast concrete, its interior brilliantly designed and lit. His other equally famous, though less popular, ecclesiastical commission showed a contrasting theme, of "brutalist" concrete construction with uncompromisingly stark, rectangular forms. This is the Dominican Convent of Sainte Marie de la Tourette at Eveux-sur-l'Arbresle near Lyon, begun in 1956. The interior, in particular, is carefully worked out, and the lighting, from both natural and artificial sources, is indirect, angled in many directions to illuminate vistas and planes. All surfaces are carefully sloped, the angles meticulously calculated to give optimum visual effect. The crypt, below the raised choir, is painted in bright colours and lit from ceiling oculi.

One of Le Corbusier's late works, the Convent is a tour de force.

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1 covering (por fuera).

2 coating, covering, cladding, liner.

3 investing, investment.

4 casing.

5 cuffing.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 covering, coating

* * *

* * *

SM (Téc) coating, covering; (=forro) lining; [de carretera] surface; (Mil) revetment

* * *

masculino ( de suelo) covering, flooring; ( de cable) sheathing; ( de tubería) lining

* * *

= coat, coating, housing, overlay, veneer, cladding, revetment, lining, casing, layer.

Ex. We will not accomplish that by being timid or by giving our profession a fresh coat of paint.

Ex. A thesaurus might advise the searcher that the following alternative terms might prove fruitful: coating and other more specific terms, e.g. Printing works.

Ex. For certain categories of material, the physical carrier consists of a storage medium (e.g., tape, film) sometimes encased in plastic, metal, etc., housing (e.g. cassette, cartridge) that is an integral part of the item.

Ex. The pressmen therefore patched the tympan with overlays of tissue paper wherever the type was low, a process that could take hours for a really uneven forme.

Ex. The table is made of rosewood veneer and porcelain marquetry.

Ex. The rest of the fibre is cladding and filling, to aid transmission and provide protection for the core.

Ex. Concrete has been widely used in the remodelling of irrigation channels -- for bottom lining and slope revetment.

Ex. The conference brought together the disciplines of painting, paper and textile conservation and covered their approaches and problems with regard to lining.

Ex. They can also provide casings in steel or aluminium, powder coated to a colour of your choice.

Ex. While the layer of pulp was on this wire, the water drained away and the wire was given a sideways shake.

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* revestimiento con paneles de madera = wainscoting [wainscotting].

* revestimiento de paredes con paneles de madera = wood panelling.

* revestimiento de paredes con paneles de madera de roble = oak panelling.

* revestimiento para suelos = flooring.

* * *

masculino ( de suelo) covering, flooring; ( de cable) sheathing; ( de tubería) lining

* * *

* * *

(del suelo) covering, flooring; (de un cable) sheathing; (de una tubería) lining

la pared tiene un revestimiento de madera the wall has wooden paneling

esta sartén tiene un revestimiento antiadherente this frying pan has a nonstick surface

un revestimiento aislante a layer of insulating material

* * *

* * *

revestimiento nm

* * *

m TÉC covering

* * *

revestimiento nm

: covering, facing (of a building)

1) ( промислове підприємство) works, factory, mill; plant

2) ( господарство для розведення тварин) farm

1) ( механізм) winding mechanism, starter

2) ( дія) winding up

3) ( тривалість дії) period of running ( operation)